We survey the current state of knowledge in soybean storage protein genetics, along with recent breakthroughs in molecular mapping and soybean protein genomics. The intricate interplay of factors contributing to the negative correlation between protein and oil content in soybean seeds is elucidated. We also touch upon the anticipated future breakthroughs in mitigating the negative correlation's bottleneck, enabling the creation of high-protein soybeans without sacrificing oil content or yield.
The online document's supplementary information is available at the designated link, 101007/s11032-023-01373-5.
The supplementary materials, found online, are located at 101007/s11032-023-01373-5.

A key physicochemical determinant of rice quality, amylose content (AC), is directly correlated with the function of the Waxy (Wx) gene. Rice's fragrance is a cherished characteristic, as it augments the delicious flavor and produces a subtle scent. Due to the loss of function in the BADH2 (FGR) gene, the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), the primary aroma contributor, is promoted in rice. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, we simultaneously targeted and disrupted the Wx and FGR genes in the parent lines 1892S and M858, constituents of the indica two-line hybrid rice Huiliangyou 858 (HLY858). The investigation yielded four T-DNA-free homozygous mutants, consisting of 1892Swxfgr-1, 1892Swxfgr-2, M858wxfgr-1, and M858wxfgr-2. The 1892Swxfgr and M858wxfgr lines were hybridized to create the double mutant hybrid lines, HLY858wxfgr-1 and HLY858wxfgr-2. The amylose content (AC) of the wx mutant starches, as measured by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), was notably lower, ranging from 0.22% to 1.63%, far below the range observed in wild-type starches, from 12.93% to 13.76%. Nevertheless, the gelatinization temperature (GT) of wx mutants, when evaluated against the backdrop of 1892S, M858, and HLY858 genetic backgrounds, remained consistently high and exhibited no significant variation in comparison with the wild-type controls. HLY858wxfgr-1 grains displayed an aroma compound 2AP content of 1530 g/kg, in contrast to the 1510 g/kg content found in HLY858wxfgr-2 grains. HLY858 grains showed no presence of 2AP, contrasting with the presence of this compound in other samples. No significant variations were observed in major agronomic traits when comparing the mutants to HLY858. Through gene editing, this study provides cultivation guidelines for an ideal hybrid rice strain, glutinous and aromatic.

Food and oilseed crops are essential, and peanuts are no exception. evidence base medicine The vulnerability of peanut plants to leaf diseases is a key factor in low yields and plant damage, impacting both productivity and quality. The existing works' shortcomings manifest as strong biases and an inability to generalize effectively. We introduced a new deep learning model to recognize ailments of peanut leaves. The proposed model is a synthesis of an upgraded Xception architecture, a parts-activated feature fusion module, and two branches that incorporate attention mechanisms. Our accuracy reached 99.69%, a significant improvement over Inception-V4, ResNet-34, and MobileNet-V3, exceeding their results by 967% to 2334%. Furthermore, corroborative experiments were undertaken to validate the breadth of application of the proposed model. Cucumber, apple, rice, corn, and wheat leaf diseases were diagnosed using the proposed model, achieving an average accuracy of 99.61%. The experimental outcomes show the proposed model's ability to distinguish various crop leaf diseases, confirming its practicality and broad applicability. The proposed model positively contributes to the exploration of detecting diseases in other crops.
101007/s11032-023-01370-8 holds the supplementary materials accompanying the online version.
For the online version, supplementary information can be found linked at 101007/s11032-023-01370-8.

Eucommia ulmoides leaves are essentially the dried, fallen leaves of the Eucommia ulmoides plant. Eucommia ulmoides leaves' functional efficacy is significantly attributable to their flavonoid content. Eucommia ulmoides boasts a rich concentration of flavonoids, including rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin, all demonstrating exceptional antioxidant properties. However, the flavonoids' poor solubility in water greatly affects their bioavailability and absorption. In this study, the liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) methodology was employed to accumulate the essential flavonoid fractions from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. The LAP procedure was also used to prepare nanoparticles, improving the flavonoids' solubility and antioxidant characteristics. The technological parameters were scrutinized and optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) software, presenting the following data: (1) a total flavonoids (TFs) concentration of 83 milligrams per milliliter; (2) an antisolvent-solvent ratio of 11; (3) a deposition temperature of 27 degrees Celsius. Processing conditions being optimal, the recovery rate and purity of TFs were respectively 8832% and 254%, and 8808% and 213%. selleck inhibitor The IC50 values for radical scavenging, determined through in vitro experiments, were 1672 ± 107 g/mL for DPPH, 1076 ± 013 g/mL for ABTS, 22768 ± 1823 g/mL for hydroxyl radicals, and 33586 ± 1598 g/mL for superoxide anions, respectively. In vivo research demonstrated that the isolated purified flavonoid (PF), delivered at dosages of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, improved CCl4-induced liver and kidney damage by modulating the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The LAP method, as demonstrated by these results, successfully extracted TFs from Eucommia ulmoides leaves with a high level of bioaccessibility.

Through the use of an impregnation-sintering procedure, catalytic ceramic membranes, incorporating a range of metal oxides, were developed and constructed. Around the Al2O3 particles in the membrane's basal materials, metal oxides (Co3O4, MnO2, Fe2O3, and CuO) were uniformly anchored, which led to the creation of numerous active sites throughout the membrane for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). By filtering a phenol solution under diverse operational circumstances, the CMs/PMS system's performance was examined. arsenic biogeochemical cycle The four catalytic CMs, all achieving satisfactory phenol removal, showed performance progression in the order of CoCM, MnCM, FeCM, and CuCM. The catalytic CMs exhibited commendable stability and reusability, as evidenced by the low metal ion leaching and high catalytic activity, even following six cycles. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, in conjunction with quenching experiments, provided insight into the PMS activation mechanism within the CMs/PMS system. In the CoCM/PMS system, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were anticipated to be SO4- and 1O2, while the MnCM/PMS system was predicted to generate 1O2 and O2-, the FeCM/PMS system was expected to yield SO4- and OH, and the CuCM/PMS system was forecast to produce SO4- only. The integrated PMS-CMs' behaviors are better understood through a comparative analysis of the performance and mechanisms of the four CMs.

The l-threonine-functionalized magnetic mesocellular silica foam (MMCF@Thr-Pd) supported palladium nanocatalyst was comprehensively analyzed using FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM, EDS, VSM, TGA, ICP-OES, and elemental mapping. The MMCF@Thr-Pd catalyst showcased exceptional catalytic activity for Stille, Suzuki, and Heck coupling reactions, leading to the high-yielding formation of the corresponding products. The MMCF@Thr-Pd nanocatalyst, distinguished by its efficiency and stability, was successfully recovered through an external magnetic field and repeatedly reused for at least five consecutive runs without any compromise to its catalytic activity.

Gene expression at the post-transcriptional level is subject to the general mechanism of alternative splicing, a process that increases transcriptomic diversity. A key agricultural product, oilseed rape is extensively cultivated across the world.
Secondary dormancy is a common trait of L. , one of the world's primary oil crops. Despite this, the response of oilseed rape seed's alternative splicing to secondary dormancy phases remains unexplored. We examined twelve RNA-seq libraries originating from Huaiyou-SSD-V1 and Huaiyou-WSD-H2 varieties, exhibiting, respectively, high (>95%) and low (<5%) secondary dormancy potential. Analysis demonstrated a substantial surge in transcript diversity in response to secondary dormancy induction using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), attributable to alterations in alternative splicing patterns. Among the four primary mechanisms of alternative splicing, intron retention holds the dominant position, whereas exon skipping demonstrates the least common occurrence. A subsequent assessment of gene expression after PEG treatment showed that 8% of the total expressed genes demonstrated the presence of two or more transcripts. Subsequent analysis uncovered a more than threefold greater variation in global isoform expression percentages stemming from alternative splicing in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to non-DEGs, implying a connection between changes in alternative splicing and shifts in transcriptional activity induced by secondary dormancy. Following extensive analysis, a total of 342 genes exhibiting diverse splicing patterns (DSGs) were found to be associated with the secondary dormancy process; five of these genes were subsequently verified using RT-PCR. The observed paucity of shared genes between secondary dormancy genes (DSGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), compared to each gene set individually, suggests that the genes involved in the secondary dormancy pathway might be independently controlled by DSGs and DEGs. DSGs' functional annotation study demonstrated a substantial presence of spliceosome proteins, specifically small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, and various splicing factors. Subsequently, an exploration into the possibility of using spliceosome components to curtail secondary dormancy in oilseed rape is proposed.
Supplementary material for the online version is accessible at 101007/s11032-022-01314-8.
Included in the online document's version are supplemental materials which can be retrieved from the URL 101007/s11032-022-01314-8.